SpecGuard: Inference-Time Backdoor Detection For Free
Wen Rui, Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, M. Russinovich, Li Zheng
September 2026
arXiv | September 2026
Wen Rui, Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, M. Russinovich, Li Zheng
September 2026
arXiv | September 2026
Jun-Lin Fang, Wenyu Chen, Reshmi Ghosh, Robert Sim, Ahmed Salem, Vitor Carvalho, Emily Lawton, Sharon Li, Jack W. Stokes, Sean Du
2026 NeurIPS | July 2026
Ahmed Salem, M. Hassan
Maritime Research and Technology | June 2026
Rui Wen, Mark Russinovich, Andrew Paverd, Jun Sakuma, Ahmed Salem
May 2026
arXiv | May 2026
Aya A. S. Salem, Adam Y Ali, Layla Ali, H. Wolfson, Ahmed Salem, Sydney Hou, A. Mihalic, Michael S Wong
Cureus | April 2026, 第 18 卷
Sa′ed Rawashdea, M. Almajali, Ahmed Salem, Akram E. Zeid, Nathan Kawansson, D. Paterson
ScienceDirect | April 2026
Sa′ed Alrwashdeh, Ahmed Salem
HighTech and Innovation Journal | March 2026, 第 7 卷(1)
Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, Sahar Abdelnabi
2026 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) | February 2026, pp. 85-102
Layla Ali, Samuel Salib, Iyawnna Hazzard, J. Howard, Cameron Ostroot, Ahmed Salem, Richard S. Isaacs
Cureus | December 2025, 第 17 卷
Sahar Abdelnabi, Ahmed Salem
NeurIPS 2025 | October 2025
Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Radhika Gaonkar, Boris Köpf, David Krueger, Andrew Paverd, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Menglin Xia, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) | October 2025
Ahmed M. Khalifa, Mostafa Abdulaziz, Syed Shahzil Parvez, Ahmed Salem, Hafsa S Panhwer, Usman Saleem, Mahmoud Eldeeb, Tariq Weld-Ali, Maryam Mosaad
Cureus | October 2025, 第 17 卷
Manuel Costa, Boris Köpf, Aashish Kolluri, Andrew Paverd, Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
May 2025
arXiv | May 2025
Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Yanan Cai
ICLR 2026 | July 2024
Edoardo Debenedetti, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Fineas Silaghi, Dragos Albastroiu, Niv Cohen, Yuval Lemberg, Reshmi Ghosh, Ahmed Salem, Rui Wen, Giovanni Cherubin, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Robin Schmid, Victor Klemm, Takahiro Miki, Chenhao Li, Stefan Kraft, Mario Fritz, Florian Tramer, Sahar Abdelnabi, Lea Schönherr
NeurIPS 2024 | June 2024
Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Lukas Wutschitz, Shruti Tople, Ahmed Salem, Victor Ruehle, Andrew Paverd, Mohammad Naseri, Boris Köpf, Daniel Jones
International Conference on Machine Learning | July 2023
编辑: Barbara Engelhardt, Emma Brunskill, Kyunghyun Cho
Wai Man Si, Michael Backes, Yang Zhang, Ahmed Salem
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Zheng Li, Ning Yu, Ahmed Salem, Michael Backes, Mario Fritz, Yang Zhang
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Nils Lukas, Ahmed Salem, Robert Sim, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Ahmed Salem, Giovanni Cherubin, David Evans, Boris Köpf, Andrew Paverd, Anshuman Suri, Shruti Tople, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Wen Rui, Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, M. Russinovich, Li Zheng
September 2026
arXiv | September 2026
Jun-Lin Fang, Wenyu Chen, Reshmi Ghosh, Robert Sim, Ahmed Salem, Vitor Carvalho, Emily Lawton, Sharon Li, Jack W. Stokes, Sean Du
2026 NeurIPS | July 2026
Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, Sahar Abdelnabi
2026 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) | February 2026, pp. 85-102
Ahmed M. Khalifa, Mostafa Abdulaziz, Syed Shahzil Parvez, Ahmed Salem, Hafsa S Panhwer, Usman Saleem, Mahmoud Eldeeb, Tariq Weld-Ali, Maryam Mosaad
Cureus | October 2025, 第 17 卷
Sahar Abdelnabi, Ahmed Salem
NeurIPS 2025 | October 2025
Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Radhika Gaonkar, Boris Köpf, David Krueger, Andrew Paverd, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Menglin Xia, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) | October 2025
Manuel Costa, Boris Köpf, Aashish Kolluri, Andrew Paverd, Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
May 2025
arXiv | May 2025
Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Yanan Cai
ICLR 2026 | July 2024
Edoardo Debenedetti, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Fineas Silaghi, Dragos Albastroiu, Niv Cohen, Yuval Lemberg, Reshmi Ghosh, Ahmed Salem, Rui Wen, Giovanni Cherubin, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Robin Schmid, Victor Klemm, Takahiro Miki, Chenhao Li, Stefan Kraft, Mario Fritz, Florian Tramer, Sahar Abdelnabi, Lea Schönherr
NeurIPS 2024 | June 2024
Wai Man Si, Michael Backes, Yang Zhang, Ahmed Salem
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Zheng Li, Ning Yu, Ahmed Salem, Michael Backes, Mario Fritz, Yang Zhang
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Lukas Wutschitz, Shruti Tople, Ahmed Salem, Victor Ruehle, Andrew Paverd, Mohammad Naseri, Boris Köpf, Daniel Jones
International Conference on Machine Learning | July 2023
编辑: Barbara Engelhardt, Emma Brunskill, Kyunghyun Cho
Nils Lukas, Ahmed Salem, Robert Sim, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Ahmed Salem, Giovanni Cherubin, David Evans, Boris Köpf, Andrew Paverd, Anshuman Suri, Shruti Tople, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, Sahar Abdelnabi
2026 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) | February 2026, pp. 85-102
Jun-Lin Fang, Wenyu Chen, Reshmi Ghosh, Robert Sim, Ahmed Salem, Vitor Carvalho, Emily Lawton, Sharon Li, Jack W. Stokes, Sean Du
2026 NeurIPS | July 2026
Wen Rui, Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, M. Russinovich, Li Zheng
September 2026
arXiv | September 2026
Jun-Lin Fang, Wenyu Chen, Reshmi Ghosh, Robert Sim, Ahmed Salem, Vitor Carvalho, Emily Lawton, Sharon Li, Jack W. Stokes, Sean Du
2026 NeurIPS | July 2026
Rui Wen, Mark Russinovich, Andrew Paverd, Jun Sakuma, Ahmed Salem
May 2026
arXiv | May 2026
Sa′ed Alrwashdeh, Ahmed Salem
HighTech and Innovation Journal | March 2026, 第 7 卷(1)
Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Radhika Gaonkar, Boris Köpf, David Krueger, Andrew Paverd, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Menglin Xia, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) | October 2025
Manuel Costa, Boris Köpf, Aashish Kolluri, Andrew Paverd, Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
May 2025
arXiv | May 2025
Edoardo Debenedetti, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Fineas Silaghi, Dragos Albastroiu, Niv Cohen, Yuval Lemberg, Reshmi Ghosh, Ahmed Salem, Rui Wen, Giovanni Cherubin, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Robin Schmid, Victor Klemm, Takahiro Miki, Chenhao Li, Stefan Kraft, Mario Fritz, Florian Tramer, Sahar Abdelnabi, Lea Schönherr
NeurIPS 2024 | June 2024
Wai Man Si, Michael Backes, Yang Zhang, Ahmed Salem
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Zheng Li, Ning Yu, Ahmed Salem, Michael Backes, Mario Fritz, Yang Zhang
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Lukas Wutschitz, Shruti Tople, Ahmed Salem, Victor Ruehle, Andrew Paverd, Mohammad Naseri, Boris Köpf, Daniel Jones
International Conference on Machine Learning | July 2023
编辑: Barbara Engelhardt, Emma Brunskill, Kyunghyun Cho
Nils Lukas, Ahmed Salem, Robert Sim, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Ahmed Salem, Giovanni Cherubin, David Evans, Boris Köpf, Andrew Paverd, Anshuman Suri, Shruti Tople, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Aya A. S. Salem, Adam Y Ali, Layla Ali, H. Wolfson, Ahmed Salem, Sydney Hou, A. Mihalic, Michael S Wong
Cureus | April 2026, 第 18 卷
Layla Ali, Samuel Salib, Iyawnna Hazzard, J. Howard, Cameron Ostroot, Ahmed Salem, Richard S. Isaacs
Cureus | December 2025, 第 17 卷
Ahmed M. Khalifa, Mostafa Abdulaziz, Syed Shahzil Parvez, Ahmed Salem, Hafsa S Panhwer, Usman Saleem, Mahmoud Eldeeb, Tariq Weld-Ali, Maryam Mosaad
Cureus | October 2025, 第 17 卷
Layla Ali, Samuel Salib, Iyawnna Hazzard, J. Howard, Cameron Ostroot, Ahmed Salem, Richard S. Isaacs
Cureus | December 2025, 第 17 卷
Ahmed Salem, M. Hassan
Maritime Research and Technology | June 2026
Aya A. S. Salem, Adam Y Ali, Layla Ali, H. Wolfson, Ahmed Salem, Sydney Hou, A. Mihalic, Michael S Wong
Cureus | April 2026, 第 18 卷
Sa′ed Rawashdea, M. Almajali, Ahmed Salem, Akram E. Zeid, Nathan Kawansson, D. Paterson
ScienceDirect | April 2026
Sa′ed Rawashdea, M. Almajali, Ahmed Salem, Akram E. Zeid, Nathan Kawansson, D. Paterson
ScienceDirect | April 2026
Ahmed Salem, M. Hassan
Maritime Research and Technology | June 2026
Aya A. S. Salem, Adam Y Ali, Layla Ali, H. Wolfson, Ahmed Salem, Sydney Hou, A. Mihalic, Michael S Wong
Cureus | April 2026, 第 18 卷
Sa′ed Rawashdea, M. Almajali, Ahmed Salem, Akram E. Zeid, Nathan Kawansson, D. Paterson
ScienceDirect | April 2026
Sa′ed Alrwashdeh, Ahmed Salem
HighTech and Innovation Journal | March 2026, 第 7 卷(1)
Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, Sahar Abdelnabi
2026 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) | February 2026, pp. 85-102
Layla Ali, Samuel Salib, Iyawnna Hazzard, J. Howard, Cameron Ostroot, Ahmed Salem, Richard S. Isaacs
Cureus | December 2025, 第 17 卷
Ahmed M. Khalifa, Mostafa Abdulaziz, Syed Shahzil Parvez, Ahmed Salem, Hafsa S Panhwer, Usman Saleem, Mahmoud Eldeeb, Tariq Weld-Ali, Maryam Mosaad
Cureus | October 2025, 第 17 卷
Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Radhika Gaonkar, Boris Köpf, David Krueger, Andrew Paverd, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Menglin Xia, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) | October 2025
Jun-Lin Fang, Wenyu Chen, Reshmi Ghosh, Robert Sim, Ahmed Salem, Vitor Carvalho, Emily Lawton, Sharon Li, Jack W. Stokes, Sean Du
2026 NeurIPS | July 2026
Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, Sahar Abdelnabi
2026 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) | February 2026, pp. 85-102
Sahar Abdelnabi, Ahmed Salem
NeurIPS 2025 | October 2025
Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Yanan Cai
ICLR 2026 | July 2024
Edoardo Debenedetti, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Fineas Silaghi, Dragos Albastroiu, Niv Cohen, Yuval Lemberg, Reshmi Ghosh, Ahmed Salem, Rui Wen, Giovanni Cherubin, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Robin Schmid, Victor Klemm, Takahiro Miki, Chenhao Li, Stefan Kraft, Mario Fritz, Florian Tramer, Sahar Abdelnabi, Lea Schönherr
NeurIPS 2024 | June 2024
Wai Man Si, Michael Backes, Yang Zhang, Ahmed Salem
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Zheng Li, Ning Yu, Ahmed Salem, Michael Backes, Mario Fritz, Yang Zhang
USENIX Security Symposium | July 2023
Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Lukas Wutschitz, Shruti Tople, Ahmed Salem, Victor Ruehle, Andrew Paverd, Mohammad Naseri, Boris Köpf, Daniel Jones
International Conference on Machine Learning | July 2023
编辑: Barbara Engelhardt, Emma Brunskill, Kyunghyun Cho
Nils Lukas, Ahmed Salem, Robert Sim, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Ahmed Salem, Giovanni Cherubin, David Evans, Boris Köpf, Andrew Paverd, Anshuman Suri, Shruti Tople, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy | May 2023
Wen Rui, Ahmed Salem, Andrew Paverd, M. Russinovich, Li Zheng
September 2026
arXiv | September 2026
Rui Wen, Mark Russinovich, Andrew Paverd, Jun Sakuma, Ahmed Salem
May 2026
arXiv | May 2026
Manuel Costa, Boris Köpf, Aashish Kolluri, Andrew Paverd, Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, Shruti Tople, Lukas Wutschitz, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin
May 2025
arXiv | May 2025