Vulnerabilities and exploits

Microsoft security researchers monitor the threat landscape and collaborate with customers, partners, and industry experts to discover new vulnerabilities and exploits. Explore our latest findings and how they inform faster, more effective defenses.

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April 6 12 min read

Storm-1175 focuses gaze on vulnerable web-facing assets in high-tempo Medusa ransomware operations

The financially motivated cybercriminal threat actor Storm-1175 operates high-velocity ransomware campaigns that weaponize recently disclosed vulnerabilities to obtain initial access, exfiltrate data, and deploy Medusa ransomware.
December 15, 2025 16 min read

Defending against the CVE-2025-55182 (React2Shell) vulnerability in React Server Components

CVE-2025-55182 (also referred to as React2Shell and includes CVE-2025-66478, which was merged into it) is a critical pre-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting React Server Components and related frameworks.
October 6, 2025 9 min read

Investigating active exploitation of CVE-2025-10035 GoAnywhere Managed File Transfer vulnerability

Storm-1175, a financially motivated actor known for deploying Medusa ransomware and exploiting public-facing applications for initial access, was observed exploiting the deserialization vulnerability in GoAnywhere MFT’s License Servlet, tracked as CVE-2025-10035.
July 28, 2025 9 min read

Sploitlight: Analyzing a Spotlight-based macOS TCC vulnerability

Microsoft Threat Intelligence has discovered a macOS vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-31199, that could allow attackers to steal private data of files normally protected by Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC), including the ability to extract and leak sensitive information cached by Apple Intelligence.
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July 22, 2025 20 min read

Disrupting active exploitation of on-premises SharePoint vulnerabilities

Microsoft has observed two named Chinese nation-state actors, Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon, exploiting vulnerabilities targeting internet-facing SharePoint servers.
May 12, 2025 10 min read

Marbled Dust leverages zero-day in Output Messenger for regional espionage

Since April 2024, the threat actor that Microsoft Threat Intelligence tracks as Marbled Dust has been observed exploiting user accounts that have not applied fixes to a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-27920) in the messaging app Output Messenger, a multiplatform chat software.
May 1, 2025 9 min read

Analyzing CVE-2025-31191: A macOS security-scoped bookmarks-based sandbox escape

Microsoft uncovered a vulnerability in macOS that could allow specially crafted codes to escape the App Sandbox and run unrestricted on the system.
April 9, 2025 13 min read

Stopping attacks against on-premises Exchange Server and SharePoint Server with AMSI

Exchange Server and SharePoint Server are business-critical assets and considered crown-jewels for many organizations, making them attractive targets for attacks.
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April 8, 2025 7 min read

Exploitation of CLFS zero-day leads to ransomware activity

Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) and Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) have discovered post-compromise exploitation of a newly discovered zero-day vulnerability in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) against a small number of targets.
March 31, 2025 13 min read

Analyzing open-source bootloaders: Finding vulnerabilities faster with AI

Using Microsoft Security Copilot to expedite the discovery process, Microsoft has uncovered several vulnerabilities in multiple open-source bootloaders impacting all operating systems relying on Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Secure Boot.
March 5, 2025 13 min read

Silk Typhoon targeting IT supply chain

Silk Typhoon is a Chinese state actor focused on espionage campaigns targeting a wide range of industries in the US and throughout the world.
January 13, 2025 9 min read

Analyzing CVE-2024-44243, a macOS System Integrity Protection bypass through kernel extensions

Microsoft discovered a macOS vulnerability allowing attackers to bypass System Integrity Protection (SIP) by loading third party kernel extensions, which could lead to serious consequences, such as allowing attackers to install rootkits, create persistent malware, bypass Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC), and expand the attack surface to perform other unauthorized operations.

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